Saturday, July 20, 2013

Tao Te Ching Chapter 77



Tao Te Ching Chapter 77

The Tao of heaven is like the bending of a bow.
The high is lowered, and the low is raised.
If the string is too long, it is shortened;
If there is not enough, it is made longer.

The Tao of heaven is to take from those who have too much
and give to those who do not have enough.
Humanities' way is different.
We take from those who do not have enough
to give to those who already have too much.
What person has more than enough and gives it to the world?
Only those of the Tao.

Therefore the sages work without recognition.
They achieve what has to be done without dwelling on it.
They do not try to show their knowledge.

Also Paraphrased as:
The way of the Tian is like archers drawing their bows.
To hit something high in the air, they pull the string downward;
To hit something lower, they pull the string upward.
They do not try to show their knowledge.
When they have drawn the string too far back they let some go,
And when they have not drawn it far enough they pull harder.
The way of the Tian is also to let some go where there is excess
And to augment where there is not enough.
The way of Human Beings on the other hand is not like this at all.
It is instead to take away from those who do not have enough
In order to give more to those who already have too much.
Who then in having too much is able to draw on this excess to make an offering to the world?
Perhaps only those who are way-making (dao or tao)
It is thus that sages act on behalf of things but do make any claim on them,
They see things through to fruition but do not take credit for them.
It is in such a way that they refrain from making a display of their worth.

Commentary, Insight, and Reflection:
The way of the world in which we live is one of sustained equilibrium (and/or balance), some translations mention Tian as ‘Heaven’s Road’, chapters 9 and 73 do this.  Chapter 73 speaks of “Tian’s net is cast wide, And although course in its mesh, nothing slips through it” consistent with Calvinism’s total omniscience of God as well as a demonstration in Indian Buddhism of the total omniscience where all individual characteristics (svalaksana) are available to the omniscient being.  The Metaphysics (specifically the epistemology) of Indian Buddhism also speaks of the possibility of omniscience through apprehending the selfless universal nature of all knowables, by examining what it means to be ignorant and the nature of mind and awareness.  Many theologians and philosophers have agreed "And yet again, there is Gods knowing of all things by a simple act of knowing. And there is Gods distinctly seeing with Gods divine, all-seeing, and immaterial eye all things at once" Chapter 9 of the Tao reminds us “To retire when the deed is done is the way that Tian works” just as the first story of the Bible, the story of Job reminds us in Job 1:21 “Jehovah gave, and Jehovah hath taken away; blessed be the name of Jehovah”.  Chapter 77 goes on to remind us of the excesses and insufficiencies in our various ecological environments which most certainly do occur, but in the course of time they are righted through a process of redistribution, and balance is restored.  In this way Matthew 20:16 “So the last shall be first, and the first shall be last” is congruent with the sustained equilibrium metaphorically represented in chapter 23 of the Tao which observes, “Violent winds do not last a whole morning and torrential rains do not last a whole day.”  These concepts have even spilled over into similar teachings in Kabbalah and Hassidic Judaism from the Torah’s Bereshit (In the beginning aka Genesis) where “YHVH placed his bow in the clouds, as a sign that the great flood would not recur.”  Other translations of Genesis 9:12 are “And God said: This is the sign of the covenant, which I am placing between me and between you, and between every living soul that is with you, for everlasting generations.”
While we human beings would do well to imitate the pattern of sustained equilibrium, we instead tend to create a vicious circle in which the rich get richer, and the poor get poorer.  Chapter 75 states what is a familiar refrain in the (DaoDeJing) Tao Te Ching: “The people’s hunger is because those above are eating too much in taxes.”  It is only the enlightened among us who are able to coordinate fully their participation in their natural, social, and cultural environments, and who in so doing, extend the way forward for all concerned.  The bonus, of course, is that while sagacious conduct conduces substantially to a thriving world, the persons responsible make no claims upon the dividends that such efficacious living produces.  Chapter 78 closes with “Appropriate language seems contradictory” The classic (Dao) Taoist example of the inseparability of opposites is an insight into the working of things that seems obvious enough to everyday experiences: There is no down without up, no external without internal, no front without back, no hot without cold, no left without right, no within without outside, being without unbeing; although few people are able to apply it to the way they live their lives.  When this characteristic of experience is applied to the political order, privilege invariably entails responsibility, and the attainment of high office is anything but an umixed blessing. 


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